Understanding the Differences Between the Double Bass and Contrabass Violin
The terms 'double bass' and 'contrabass violin' are often used interchangeably, but they refer to different types of instruments with distinct characteristics and roles in music. In this article, we will explore the differences between these two instruments, their construction, tuning, historical context, and their roles in music.
What is a Double Bass?
Definition and Tuning
The double bass, also known as the upright bass or bass fiddle, is the largest string instrument in the orchestra. It typically has four strings, which are tuned to E1, A1, D2, and G2. These notes are one octave lower than the cello, providing a deep, rich, and resonant sound that serves as the foundation for many musical genres, including classical, jazz, and rock.
Construction and Playing Technique
The double bass is a large, hollow-bodied instrument usually made of wood. It is played with a bow or by plucking, known as pizzicato. Unlike the violin, the double bass is not held under the chin but supported by a stool or a strap. This makes it more versatile and easier to play for extended periods, making it suitable for both solo performances and ensemble playing.
What is a Contrabass Violin?
The term 'contrabass violin' is a bit confusing because it is not a widely recognized term in the music world. However, it can refer to either a larger, extended-range member of the violin family or an ancient counterpart to the double bass.
Historical Context and Terminology
Ancient Counterpart: Historically, the term may have referred to a large, extended-range instrument in the violin family. These instruments were part of the Renaissance and early Baroque consort of viols, which included the violin, viola, viola da gamba, violoncello, and contrabass. Some of these instruments were 5-stringed rather than the usual 4-stringed violas da gamba, cellos, and contrabasses.
Modern Confusion: The term might also confuse the modern contrabass, shaped more like an upright bass (double bass), with the violin family. While these instruments can cover the same acoustic range, they serve different artistic and technical purposes.
Key Differences
Body Shape and Design: The double bass is distinguished by its large, rounded body, typically made from wood. On the other hand, the contrabass violin often has a narrower and more elongated shape, similar to other members of the violin family.
Sound and Projection: The double bass has a more powerful and punchy sound, particularly important in louder settings such as large orchestras. It is designed to project well in larger spaces, making it ideal for jazz and orchestral performances. The contrabass violin, while capable of producing a deep sound, is less powerful and may not project as well in larger settings.
Tuning and Range: Both instruments cover a similar range, but the contrabass violin, being a member of the violin family, has a more refined and delicate sound. The double bass, with its four strings, has a broader and more powerful sound.
Comfort and Playability
Double Bass: The double bass is generally more comfortable for players due to its design and the support it provides. The instrument's larger size and support system make it easier to play for extended periods, reducing strain on the player's body.
Contrabass Violin: While the contrabass violin shares some design elements with the violin family, its larger size may pose some challenges for players accustomed to the violin. However, many musicians who play the double bass find that the contrabass violin can be a comfortable alternative, especially for players looking for a more portable and smaller instrument.
Conclusion
While the terms 'double bass' and 'contrabass violin' might seem interchangeable, they refer to distinct instruments with different roles and characteristics. The double bass is the larger, more powerful instrument used in orchestras and jazz bands, while the contrabass violin, if it exists as a recognized term, may refer to an extended-range violin or a different family of instruments. Understanding these differences can help musicians choose the right instrument for their needs.