The Profound Influence of Moors on Medieval Spanish Music

During the nearly 800 years the Moors controlled Spain from A.D. 711 to 1492, the cultural landscape underwent significant transformations. These changes were far-reaching and profound, particularly in the realm of music. Two clear examples of this influence were the introduction of the plucked and strummed string instrument, the oud, which evolved into the lute and later the guitar, and the adoption of the Phrygian scale, which is common to Flamenco music and similar to scales used in Arabic music.

Rhythms, Harmonies, and Musical Instruments

The influence of Moors went beyond just a few instruments and scales. It extended to the rhythms, harmonies, and even some musical instruments themselves. The rhythms and harmonies prevalent in Medieval Northern Spanish music were heavily influenced by Arabic and Islamic musical traditions. This can be seen in the substantial use of minor and diminished chords and keys prevalent in both flamenco and some other musical genres.

Origins of Flamenco and the Spanish Guitar

Flamenco, with its rich tradition and deep cultural roots, is a prime example of the Moors' impact on Spanish music. It is a form of musical performance that deeply integrates Arabic musical elements, reflecting the long history of Moorish rule in southern Spain. The term 'guitar' itself has roots in Arabic, where the instrument was known as 'qitarah,' a term that eventually transformed into 'quitarra' in Spanish.

Moreover, the concept of 'Olé'the distinctive Flamenco shout, originated as an Arabic exclamation 'W'Allah' ('God'). This further underscores the Arabic influence on Flamenco performance. The Spaniards, with their deep-rooted denial of their Islamic heritage, have whitewashed and romanticized much of their own history, leading to a misappropriation of terms and traditions. Phrases like 'Maqluba' (reversed) in Arabic were deturpated in Spain as 'Paella.' This reflects a broader pattern of cultural and historical denial, which has persisted to the present day.

Conclusion

Medieval Hispania witnessed a rich intermingling of cultures, and the music that emerged during this period was a testament to the profound influence of the Moors. From the guitar to the Flamenco scale, the Moors left an indelible mark on Spanish musical traditions. As we explore and honor the diverse cultural influences in our history, it is crucial to remember and celebrate this shared heritage.