The Influence of J.S. Bach on Joseph Haydn: A Deep Dive

Joseph Haydn, often referred to as the father of the symphony, was profoundly influenced by Johann Sebastian Bach. This influence extended beyond a singular exposure to Bach's music but rather developed over time through various mediums and forms. Let us explore how Bach's complex contrapuntal techniques and harmonic language left a lasting impact on Haydn's compositions.

Musical Language and Development

The expertise of Bach in counterpoint and harmony left a significant mark on Haydn's musical language. Haydn, while primarily celebrated for his contributions to the symphonic and string quartet forms, absorbed elements of Bach's compositional techniques, particularly in the use of counterpoint and thematic development. Haydn's masterful handling of counterpoint in his later works is reminiscent of Bach, showcasing a clear lineage and influence from the Baroque master.

Early Exposure to Bach's Music

Haydn's relationship with Bach's music began in his youth. He was exposed to Bach's compositions, particularly those of Bach's sons, who were prominent composers in their own right. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, known for his works that Haydn studied closely, and Johann Christian Bach, often called the 'London Bach,' were both influential. While the full extent of Bach's influence would only become clearer with the 19th-century revival of Bach's music, Haydn was already familiar with key works such as the Passions, the Mass in B Minor, and the Well-Tempered Clavier.

Choral Works and Beyond

Beyond the influence on Haydn's harmonic and contrapuntal skills, Bach's choral works also played a role in shaping his musical style. Haydn's choral compositions were heavily influenced by Bach, demonstrating a deep respect for his techniques and musical legacy.

Legacy and Respect

Haydn's respect for Bach was mutual and evident in his own writings and remarks. He acknowledged Bach's contributions to music, seeing him not just as a historical composer but as a foundational influence. This respect is reflected in Haydn's own compositions, where Bach's contrapuntal techniques and harmonic language are clearly discernible.

Evolution and Division

Despite the early exposure to Bach, Haydn's style evolved into a distinct Classical idiom. Carl Philip Emanuel and Johann Christian Bach both played a crucial role in shaping Haydn's early compositional style. Haydn was particularly influenced by CPE Bach, whose music he studied closely, and by JC Bach, known as the 'London Bach,' through his concerto style and works.

In conclusion, while Haydn's style matured into a unique Classical idiom, the influence of J.S. Bach was foundational in shaping his musical development and compositional techniques. Haydn's respect and admiration for Bach transcended beyond mere exposure and became an integral part of his own musical legacy.