The Elements of Bach's Music and Their Universal Appeal

Introduction to Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) is one of the most influential and respected composers in the history of Western music. His works continue to captivate audiences, whether through their profound spiritual quality or their technical complexity. The renowned conductor Sir Thomas Beecham summed it up succinctly when he said, “Counterpoint - and Protestant counterpoint.” Let us delve into the elements that make Bach's music so enduring and universal.

Glorious Tunes and Unique Gift

The simplest and most obvious element of Bach's music is the beauty and elegance of his melodies. As a teacher once remarked, “The simplest thing is that he wrote such glorious tunes! It’s a unique gift: some of my pupils had it, but not me.” This gift for melody is just the beginning, however.

Supreme Excellence in Polyphonic Style

Beyond melody, Bach's true mastery lies in his supreme excellence in the polyphonic style, a form of music characterized by the weaving together of independent vocal or instrumental lines. Unlike the common practice of having one melody with accompanying harmonies, Bach's polyphonic texture is built on an interweaving of equally beautiful strands, whether it be three, four, or five voices at once. This creates a complex and harmonious whole that is both intricate and cohesive.

Bach was particularly renowned for his ability to compose fugues.

Understanding Fugue

A fugue is a type of polyphonic composition where a theme is introduced and then unfolded in a series of well-defined procedures. The different instrumental or vocal parts enter, each taking turns to develop and comment on the theme, creating an intricate and interwoven structure. Bach’s mastery of fugue writing is exemplified in his incredible ability to improvise these complex compositions at will. This aspect of his music not only showcases his remarkable skill but also adds a layer of mystery and drama to his compositions.

Religious and Spiritual Quality

Beyond the sheer musical brilliance, Bach's works are imbued with a deep spiritual quality. As Jazz musicians argue, Bach has a special kind of swing, and even those without a religious bent are moved by the transcendent qualities of his music. This spiritual aspect is most profoundly felt in his choral works, where the intricate polyphonic textures of voice and instrument come together to create a transcendent and moving whole.

Appreciating Bach's Music: A Choral Rehearsal Experience

The finest way to appreciate Bach's music is through the act of rehearsing one of his choral works in a choir. By focusing on your own part and listening to the interplay of voices above and below, one can truly grasp the perfection of his composition. As a conductor noted, "That doesn't speak of the overall splendour when it all comes together on the platform." The harmonious fusion of multiple voices in a live performance elevates the experience to a level of awe and reverence.

Conclusion

Beyond its technical brilliance and religious significance, Bach's music endures due to its ability to touch the human spirit in a way that spans centuries. Whether one is drawn to his counterpoint, his fugue writing, or the profound spiritual quality of his choral works, Bach's music remains a cornerstone of Western classical music. His legacy continues to inspire, move, and educate audiences around the world.