The Composer's Role and Control During an Orchestra Performance
When it comes to orchestral performances, the question often arises: how much control does the composer truly have? This article explores the extent of a composer's influence both before and during live performances, offering insights from various perspectives and historical examples.
Collaboration and Preparation Before Performances
If the composer is still alive, they generally work closely with the conductor both before rehearsals and during performances to communicate their artistic vision. This collaboration is crucial in ensuring that the composer's intentions are accurately conveyed. As someone who has conducted numerous world premieres with composers in attendance, this aspect of their working relationship is both rewarding and invigorating.
The Composer's Written Score and Direct Influence
The composer, through their score, dictates the fundamental aspects of the music such as the melody, phrasing, and dynamics. This written material forms the backbone of what the orchestra executes during the performance. However, the actual interpretation of the music – including how closely it is played – is primarily determined by the conductor and the musicians themselves. The musicians bring their technical skills to the table, and the conductor leads them in executing the music as intended.
Historical Context: Beethoven and the Role of Conductors
Broadly speaking, a composer's influence lessens as the time since their death increases. For example, if a composer lived over 245 years ago, their control during performances would be significantly diminished. Even a composer like Beethoven, who was a virtuoso violinist, would not typically specify bowings or detailed techniques for string players in his symphonies. Instead, major expressive details were written down, while the conductor was expected to interpret the markings and create a genuine performance. This highlights the significance of the conductor in translating a composer's broader intentions into a realized performance.
Perceptions and Experiences of Orchestra Musicians
As an orchestral musician who has played under the direction of several composers, I can affirm that there is a general feeling of respect and admiration for the composer's vision. However, not all composers are equally knowledgeable or approachable. Some composers may request specific details that go beyond their expertise, potentially causing frustration among musicians. Nevertheless, by and large, orchestras are generally willing to engage with the conductor and adhere to the composer's wishes during performances.
Conclusion
The control a composer has over an orchestra can vary greatly depending on the circumstances. For living composers, the relationship can be deeply collaborative, while for deceased composers, the conductor often steps into the role of translator. Understanding this dynamic is crucial for both performers and audiences, enriching the appreciation of the music on the stage.