Planting Trees with Taproots: Techniques and Considerations

Introduction to Taproot Trees

Trees with taproots are a special category of plants that have a single, deep downward-growing root known as the taproot. These root systems can be highly beneficial for the tree itself and can offer resilience against drought, competition, and soil disturbances. Examples of taproot trees include birch, oak, elm, and hawthorn, among others. One notable example of a taproot tree is the shagbark hickory (Carya ovata), which is often used in propagation due to its deep and extensive root system.

Transplanting Taproot Trees

Transplanting taproot trees requires careful attention and the right techniques to ensure successful growth. Here are some key steps and considerations for planting taproot trees:

Preparing the Hole

The planting site should be prepared with a tile spade or fencepost digger to ensure that the hole is deep enough to accommodate the taproot. For small taproot trees, such as the shagbark hickory seedlings, the results can be quite favorable. If you have a small 8-inch taproot seedling, you can transplant it successfully by digging a hole that is deep enough to keep the taproot intact.

Yearly Root Pruning

For larger saplings, you can use the root pruning technique to encourage the development of a robust root system. Use a very sharp trenching spade to root prune the sapling yearly. This process involves making a shallow cut around the tree at the base, just below the root collar. By not cutting all the feeder roots, you allow the tree to continue surviving while developing a condensed fibrous root system.

Permanent Replanting

After a year of root pruning, dig up the tree and replant it permanently. At this stage, the tree will begin to form a taproot as it would have normally, ensuring a strong anchor for the tree.

Special Considerations for Nursery Trees

Trees in nurseries often come in pots or balled and burlapped (BB) forms, which means they do not require the same care as young saplings. Balled and burlapped trees have their root system wrapped in burlap to protect it during transportation and planting, reducing the need for root pruning.

Practical Examples

I recall a time when I successfully planted a Rose of Sharon ( mophead hibiscus) with a nice taproot. To plant this tree, I used a 5/16-inch spike to make a hole, then dropped the sapling into the hole and pressed it closed. Finally, I watered the soil thoroughly to help the tree settle in.

Conclusion

Planting trees with taproots requires a bit more care and attention, especially for young saplings. By understanding the right techniques and considerations, you can ensure that these trees thrive and grow into healthy, resilient specimens. Root pruning and proper hole preparation are key to successful transplantation, while trees in nurseries often require minimal intervention once they are ready for planting.