Hindu Ethics and Sundown Rituals: The Forbidden and Permitted

Guided by the ancient scriptures and Charaksamhita, Hindu traditions specify certain actions one should avoid for maintaining better psychological health. Practices and observations during specific times of the day, such as dawn and dusk, hold particular significance. This article delves into why it is generally forbidden to sleep or eat during the sunset (sandhya) and whether studying textbooks is also restricted.

Significance of Dawn and Dusk

The Charaksamhita emphasizes that during dawn and dusk, which are considered transitional phases in the day, one should be particularly careful in observing certain principles:

Avoid night walks or wandering in inappropriate places. Do not eat, study, have sexual relations, or sleep during those times. Avoid befriending children, the elderly, the greedy, or foolish individuals. Avoid any inclination towards alcohol, gambling, or prostitutes. Do not expose sensitive parts of the body. Avoid insulting or being offensive to anyone. Avoid arrogance, unfriendliness, or backbiting. Avoid being disrespectful towards the Brahmin, the teacher, or the cow. Avoid harsh words towards the elderly, teachers, or individuals in a group. Avoid usurping the position of a king or folk lord. Avoid postponing tasks or acting without careful thought. Avoid overburdening one's mind or senses. Avoid hasty or impulsive actions. Always maintain self-awareness and remember one's true nature. Maintain faith in the causation of deeds and their corresponding results. Never be complacent about one's own actions. Avoid losing spirit or dwelling on insults.

Psychotherapy and Character

Individuals who are truthful, free from anger, abstain from alcohol and sexual indulgence, are non-violent, peaceful, and sociable are considered suitable candidates for psychotherapy:

Those who practice japah and other spiritual activities. Stable in their thoughts and actions, regularly practicing charity and penance. Devotees who regularly offer prayers to deities, Brahmins, teachers, and the elderly.

Flexibility and Modernity

The fundamental principles of Hindu ethics, as outlined in ancient texts, offer a framework that can be adapted to modern realities. While traditionally it is forbidden to sleep or have food during the sunset (sandhya), the question arises whether studying textbooks falls under this prohibition.

In the context of sundown rituals, books are not directly addressed. However, engaging in physical or mental exertions like studying, which could be seen as disruptive during a time of rest and reflection, could be considered undesirable. Today, with the advent of digital education and the importance of continuous learning, some might argue that studying remains a beneficial activity if it is done with mindfulness and respect for the time of the day.

Ultimately, the choice to engage in certain activities during sundown largely depends on one's interpretation of these ancient principles and the modern context of daily life. It is important to balance respect for tradition with the practical needs of living in a modern world.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the restrictions during sunset (sandhya) are rooted in maintaining psychological balance and spiritual harmony. While it is traditionally advised to avoid certain activities, modern interpretations can vary. The key is to find a balance that aligns with both ancient wisdom and contemporary living.