Exploring Fretted String Instruments Tuned in Fourths
When discussing string instruments, the tuning system often plays a crucial role in the instrument's sound and playability. While much of the fretted string instrument family follows a pattern of tuning in fourths, there are notable exceptions. This article delves into the characteristics of fretted string instruments that deviate from the fifths-tuned norm, with a focus on guitars and bass guitars.
Fretted Instruments Tuned in Fourths
Most fretted string instruments and fretless plucked instruments, such as the oud, are traditionally tuned in fourths. This particular tuning system is widely accepted and has been the standard for centuries in various music traditions. However, tuning in fifths seems to be predominantly reserved for the mandolin family, as they closely mimic the tuning systems of bowed string instruments from which they are derived.
Exceptions to the Rule: Fretted Instruments Not Tuned in Fifths
Here are a few examples of fretted instruments not tuned in fifths:
Guitar Bass Guitar: These instruments are commonly tuned in fourths, making them distinct from their fifths-tuned counterparts like the mandolin. The guitar, for instance, is typically tuned to E-A-D-G-B-E, while the bass guitar is tuned to E-A-D-G. Suspension of the fifth tuning allows for a more versatile playing range and a unique sound. Arpegionne Bowed Guitar: This hybrid instrument combines elements of both a guitar and a bowed instrument. It is tuned in fourths, blending the traditional guitar tuning with the bowed string's richness.Another notable instrument is the viola da gamba family, which is also tuned in fourths. Their unique sound and playing style set them apart from other string instruments.
The Ukulele: An Instrument in Fourth-Tuning
The ukulele is a prime example of a fretted string instrument that uses a fourth-tuning pattern. It is often tuned from high to low as G-C-E-A. This tuning is not only distinct but also allows for a wide range of expressive playing techniques.
Custom Tunings and Musical Experimentation
While the standard fourth or fifth tuning is common, it's crucial to note that the tuning of stringed instruments is not a strictly regulated set value. Musicians often experiment with different tunings to achieve unique sounds and playing techniques. For instance, some advanced players may use 32 different tunings to suit specific musical needs or artistic expressions.
Consider the mandolin, which, like the violin, is tuned in perfect fifths: G3-D4-A4-E5. The mandolin is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello, and mandobass. These instruments share the same fifth-tuning system, reinforcing the importance of this tuning in stringed music.
Conclusion
The exploration of stringed instruments on the internet reveals a rich tapestry of tuning systems. While the majority of fretted instruments follow a fourth-tuning pattern, exceptions like the guitar and bass guitar, along with instruments like the ukulele, offer unique sounds and playing experiences. The flexibility of tunings, as demonstrated by the mandolin and other string instruments, highlights the creativity and adaptability of music spanning various cultures and genres.
Related Topics
Fretted string instruments Mandolin family Guitar variationsExplore more about these topics to deepen your understanding of stringed instruments and their intricate tuning systems.