Exploring Alternate Tunings for Your 12-String Guitar: Pitch, Intonation, and Creativity

For many guitarists, the standard tuning of a 12-string guitar presents a familiar and comforting sound. However, the extent to which you can deviate from this standard and still achieve a resonant and harmonious sound is fascinating. In this article, we delve into the world of alternate tunings for 12-string guitars, exploring the options, considerations, and creative possibilities.

The Basics of Tuning and Intonation

When discussing acoustic and electric 12-string guitars, the most common tuning is standard pitch and equal temperament. This tuning is designed to work well with standard 12-string sets, providing a balanced and harmonious sound. However, some musicians like to add a slight chorus effect by detuning one of each unison/octave string pair. While this can create a unique and interesting sound, it's important to note that such tunings are not ideal for all situations. String sets are designed to be played at about 80% of their breaking point, meaning there is very little room for experimentation without causing issues in intonation and playability.

The Importance of String Gauge and Tension

String gauge is a critical factor in determining the pitch of a 12-string guitar. Strings are engineered to work together as a set, where the tension on each string is roughly similar. This allows for the smooth transfer of a note's vibration from one string to the next, ensuring proper intonation. Tuning a guitar out of its recommended range can lead to uneven playability and intonation issues, making it harder to press down some strings while others are easier to play. Additionally, when tuning the strings to different notes, the intonation may behave unpredictably, ruining the harmonic balance of the instrument.

Creative Tuning and Chord Shapes

While standard tuning is the most common and intended tuning for 12-string guitars, there is no hard and fast rule requiring that each string pair be tuned to the same note. This opens up a world of creative possibilities. Some guitarists experiment with different tunings to create unique chord shapes or to simplify complex chord patterns. For instance, renowned guitarist John Fahey tuned all his strings differently, making complex chords accessible in open positions. However, this approach is often challenging to communicate and understand, making it less useful in a collaborative musical setting.

Popular Alternate Tunings for 12-String Guitars

One popular alternate tuning is DADGAD, which sounds fantastic on a 12-string guitar and provides a rich, resonant sound. Other tunings include open D, open C, open G, and many more. These tunings offer different tonal qualities and can be used to achieve specific musical effects. However, it's essential to recognize that many of these tunings have been explored and used by musicians before.

Creating Your Own Unique Tuning

For those eager to forge their own path, creating a unique tuning is entirely possible. However, it requires careful consideration and experimentation. One method to achieve a self-tuning is to start by setting the lowest pitched string to a note that sounds cool to you. Since going lower than standard tuning can make for easier and more accessible playing, you'll likely start lower than the standard tuning. Here are the steps:

Start with the lowest string and tune it to a note that sounds good. This might be slightly lower than the standard tuning.

From there, play the fifth fret of the string you just tuned and tune the next string to that note.

Continue this process, using the fifth fret for each subsequent string.

For the second-to-last string, use the fourth fret instead of the fifth fret.

Finally, tune the last string to the fifth fret of the previous string.

This method will ensure that your guitar is in tune with itself, creating a unique and one-of-a-kind tuning. While this tuning won't necessarily follow traditional musical theory, it can inspire you to write original songs and develop a distinct vocal performance that complements your wacky tuning.

Conclusion

While standard tuning is the norm for 12-string guitars, the realm of alternate tunings offers a wealth of creative opportunities. Whether you're following established tunings, experimenting with new ones, or tuning your guitar to your own unique notes, you can discover new sounds and push the boundaries of traditional guitar playing. The key is to remain open to creativity and willing to explore, knowing that your unique tuning can lead to breathtaking music.