Do Older Instruments Tend to Play Out of Tune?
While it is a common belief that older instruments tend to play out of tune, this is not necessarily true. The age of an instrument does not inherently lead to poor intonation; rather, it is the condition and proper maintenance that play a crucial role.
Understanding Wear and Age
Playing an instrument over time exposes it to wear and tear, particularly in its delicate parts. As these components age, their interaction can affect the instrument's intonation. However, well-maintained instruments can perform just as well as new ones, regardless of their age.
Stradivarius and High-Quality Instruments
Some older instruments, such as violins crafted by acclaimed luthiers like Stradivarius, continue to perform exceptionally well despite their age. These instruments, often centuries old, serve as testament to the skill of their makers and proper preservation. Similarly, the renowned woodwinds made by Stradivari are highlighted as excellent examples of instruments that can maintain their quality over time.
Historical Context and Standards
The standards for tuning instruments have evolved over time. Prior to the early 20th century, the frequencies for pitches varied widely and were generally higher than the current standard of 440 Hz. This historical context is significant because many older woodwinds were built to these higher standards and are thus tuned to a pitch that is too high for modern instruments.
Before the 1920s, there was a trend towards higher pitch to make music sound "brighter." Instruments built during this period are referred to as "high-pitch" woodwinds. These instruments cannot be tuned to modern frequencies, as they are too far off to be adjustable effectively. Consequently, these instruments cannot achieve in-tuneness during performances with modern instruments.
Design and Intonation
The physical design of any instrument is a delicate compromise. Some instruments, especially older ones, may have better intonation than newer designs due to their superior acoustic properties and craftsmanship. For example, some older horns have a better tendency for in-tuneness compared to modern horns. However, newer instruments often incorporate advanced technologies and design improvements that make them more consistent in pitch.
For instance, a Selmer Mark VI tenor saxophone, which is 50 years old, is likely to outperform a modern student model built in an Asian factory. While the chance of finding a higher-quality instrument increases with age, it is not a blanket rule that all older instruments are inferior to their new counterparts. Age, individual craftsmanship, and maintenance play significant roles in determining an instrument's intonation and performance.
Research and Information
For those considering purchasing an older instrument, thorough research can help. There are numerous online resources where detailed comparisons of different models can be found. For saxophones, dedicated websites offer insights into the advantages and disadvantages of various older models. This knowledge is crucial for making an informed decision and ensuring that the instrument meets the player's needs.
In conclusion, while older instruments may present unique challenges related to historical tuning standards and age-related wear, they do not necessarily play out of tune. Proper maintenance and understanding the historical context of instrument design can help ensure that older instruments perform at their best. Whether new or old, choosing the right instrument involves considerations beyond mere age, focusing on quality, craftsmanship, and individual performance needs.