What Are the Basics of Chord Building in Jazz?

Learning to play jazz can be a thrilling yet daunting experience, especially when it comes to mastering the nuances of chord construction. Understanding how to derive more complex chords from basic ones can streamline the learning process significantly. For instance, when a keyboard player struggles with reading four-part extended chords, reducing them to simpler entities can be a practical solution.

A Case Study: Simplifying Chords for a Middle School Jazz Band

One instance where this concept was put to the test was during a project to arrange a collection of jazz pieces for a middle school jazz band. A particular challenge was the keyboard player's difficulty in navigating four-part extended chords for real-time performance. To address this, the chords were simplified to the upper parts, making them more accessible for playing with just the right hand.

For example, an Am7 (A minor 7th) chord was simplified to a C major (C maj) triad, and a G7 (G dominant 7th) chord was reduced to a B diminished (Bdim) triad. This approach not only simplified the notation but also freed up the player to focus on improvisation and rhythm, utilizing rhythmic freedom to enhance the performance dynamically.

The Most Common Chord and Its Derivatives

Among the various building blocks of jazz chords, the C major triad is a prime example. This chord forms the foundation for many other chords. Here's how it can be used to create a variety of chord progressions:

C Maj Triad: The C major triad consists of the notes C, E, and G. This simple chord can be transformed into various types of chords by adding different alterations, seventh, or ninth notes.

C Maj Chord: These notes alone. C Maj 7: Adding a D (the 7th degree of the C major scale). C Maj 9: Adding a F (which is the 9th degree, enharmonically equivalent to an E transpose up an octave). C Maj 11: Adding a B (which is the 11th degree, enharmonically equivalent to a D transpose up an octave). C Maj 13: Adding a D and a F (the former being the 9th, and the latter being the 13th degree, enharmonically equivalent to a G transpose up an octave).

These numerous variations showcase the flexibility of the basic C major triad. Moreover, the root note of these chords can be used to construct more complex extended chords, providing a vast palette for improvisation and composition.

Improvisation and Chord Progression

Improv allows the performer to experiment with different chord voicings and progressions. When the original bass line is notated, the player can choose to play it exactly as written or to improvise, adding their own rhythmic creativity.

For instance, in a Cmaj7 chord, a pianist could choose to play the root C, or any other note in the chord, but improvisation often allows for more dynamic and creative performances. The root note, while fundamental, is not always the most emphasized note in jazz performance. Hence, lessening the pressure on the root note can lead to a more expressive and engaging musical experience.

Conclusion

Mastering the art of chord building and improvisation is a key aspect of playing jazz. By understanding how to derive complex chords from simpler building blocks like the C major triad, musicians can enhance their skills and creativity in their performances. Whether it's arranging for a middle school band or creating solo pieces, the simplicity of basic chords can open up a world of possibilities for musicians of all levels.

In summary, the power of basic chords cannot be underestimated when it comes to jazz performance. The C major triad and other foundational chords are the building blocks that can lead to exploring a variety of musical expressions and improvisations. So, while simplification can be a necessary step in the learning process, it is also important to recognize the potential for complexity and creativity that arises from these basic structures.