Barbershop Baritones: Understanding the Role and Voice Range
Baritones play a unique and often overlooked role in barbershop quartets, filling a niche that extends beyond their natural vocal range. It's a nuanced position that requires not only a deep understanding of vocal technique but also an appreciation for the intricate patterns of the barbershop style.
Breaking Down Baritone Roles
In traditional barbershop harmony, tenors typically sing the melody line, basses provide the foundation with rich low tones, and leads fill in the middle with chords. The baritone, often referred to as the 'harbingers of sevenths,' works in conjunction with these parts to create the unique and engaging sound for which barbershop is known.
The Baritone's Unique Role
When the baritone part is isolated, it may sound disjointed, with a mix of unrelated notes. This is a misconception; in reality, it is the completion that makes the harmony ring. The baritone, much like a seventh in a chord, adds that extra layer of sound that, when perfectly matched, creates a fuller, more resonant harmonic quality.
Vocal Range and Versatility
Baritones are known for their rich, versatile voices. While their natural range is typically between A2 and E4, they can extend their range as needed. In the barbershop world, foo dub (a mid-range extension of the tenor range) and falsetto are essential skills for baritones. These transitions allow them to maintain control over their voice and contribute effectively to the harmony.
Baritones as Tenors in Harmony
It is indeed possible for a baritone to sing within the tenor range when the situation demands it. Many modern barbershop arrangements ask baritones to reach their full voice, particularly in the upper registers, to enrich the overall sound. High notes in head voice or falsetto help maintain the clarity and strength of the melody, particularly in the upper parts of the chord.
Barbershop Quartet Dynamics
In top-tier barbershop quartets, there is often a degree of flexibility in part swapping. This means that baritones, with their ability to sing in the tenor range, may swap with tenors for specific sections. For instance, the quartet Instant Classic frequently uses such techniques, where the baritone sings high notes and the tenor in head voice, creating a balanced and engaging sound.
Balancing Solo and Harmony
While the baritone's part is primarily a harmonic one, it still requires the singer to balance the melody with the intricate bass and lead parts. This is where the distinction between solo and harmony range becomes crucial. In solo performances, baritones might have to hit considerably higher notes than in the barbershop context, often up to G4 or even A4. However, in barbershop, where the melody is usually sung by the tenor, the baritone's range typically does not need to extend as far.
Training and Practice
Amateur baritones who want to remain within their typical range may struggle with some barbershop arrangements, particularly those that require high notes. Developing falsetto and head voice skills is essential for these singers. Soft and light delivery of higher notes ensures that the baritone part complements rather than dominates the melody. For those with a talent for lower ranges, the bass section may be a better fit.
Conclusion
The baritone position in barbershop quartets is a challenging yet rewarding one. It requires a deep understanding of vocal technique, the ability to switch between different parts of the vocal range, and a true appreciation for the harmonic intricacies of the music. The baritone's role is one of enrichment, offering a unique voice that contributes to the richness and depth of the barbershop sound.
Further Reading
For more in-depth exploration of barbershop vocal techniques and styles, you can read more articles or join local barbershop groups to practice and understand the nuances of this rich tradition.